An ethical code is like the tip of an iceberg which represents the conscious acknowledgment of the valuations made by a human group. The underwater part has its roots in those emotional valuations that were successful in the process of survival during a specific period of the life of the group. These hidden valuations are basically encoded at a deeper level in the social actions, and thus, in the group’s communications, i.e. in its mythico-ritual axis. A common characteristic to all ethical codes is their pretension of universal validity, for they express the way things are. Contemporary Western codes base their valuations in a mythico-ritual axis which is a mixture of myths of universal law and myths of the human law, but could we formulate ethical principles which follow exclusively principles of human law, putting aside gods and the supernatural, or even materialist reifications (and transcendentalizations ) of the own human being? This is a small collection of ethical axioms
On the symbolic constructions of human identity.